Though Walt Whitman created no Irish characters in his early works of fiction, he did include the Irish as part of the democratic portrait of America that he drew in Leaves of Grass. He could hardly have done otherwise. In 1855, when the first edition of Leaves of Grass was published, the Irish made up one of the largest immigrant populations in New York City and, as such, maintained a cultural identity of their own. All of this 鈥淚rishness鈥 swirled about Whitman as he trod the streets of his Manhattan, ultimately becoming part of him and his poetry. As members of the working class, famous authors, or close friends, the Irish left their mark on Whitman the man and poet. In Whitman and the Irish, Joann Krieg convincingly establishes their importance within the larger framework of Whitman studies.
Focusing on geography rather than biography, Krieg traces Whitman's encounters with cities where the Irish formed a large portion of the population鈥擭ew York City, Boston, Camden, and Dublin鈥攐r where, as in the case of Washington, D.C., he had exceptionally close Irish friends. She also provides a brief yet important historical summary of Ireland and its relationship with America.
Whitman and the Irish does more than examine Whitman's Irish friends and acquaintances: it adds a valuable dimension to our understanding of his personal world and explores a number of vital questions in social and cultural history. Krieg places Whitman in relation to the emerging labor culture of ante-bellum New York, reveals the relationship between Whitman's cultural nationalism and the Irish nationalism of the late nineteenth century, and reflects upon Whitman's involvement with the Union cause and that of Irish American soldiers.
鈥溾ttractively written, highly readable, skillfully crafted, and consistently Illuminating.鈥濃擬. Wynn Thomas, author of The Lunar Light of Whitman's Poetry
鈥淎 thoroughly researched, well-argued, and highly readable account of the poet's complex attitudes toward and interactions with Irish people and Irish American culture.鈥濃擬. Jimmie Killingsworth, Texas A&M University
鈥淏y focusing on Irish American history and Whitman鈥檚 remarkably frequent and close associations with Irish and Irish Americans, Krieg creates a suggestive and illuminating combination of cultural history and cultural biography鈥攁 slice of Whitman鈥檚 life seen through the lens of things Irish American, a slice of Irish American history seen through the lens of Whitman鈥檚 life. This book takes its place among the impressive recent books dealing with Whitman鈥檚 interactions with particular cultures and also among the recent studies that reassess the significance of the Irish assimilation into the United States.鈥濃擡d Folsom, editor, Walt Whitman Quarterly Review
鈥淭his insightful study clarifies both of its major subjects. [Its] careful tracing of Whitman鈥檚 many links to the Irish in New York, Washington, and Boston augments our sense of the grounding of Whitman鈥檚 oeuvre in nineteenth-century American life. [Krieg鈥檚] investigation of Whitman鈥檚 reputation in Ireland adds a fresh perspective to the problematic program to join nationality and literature begun by W. B. Yeats and other Irish Renaissance writers.鈥濃擟harles Fanning, author of Chicago Stories of James T. Farrell and The Irish Voice in America: 250 Years of Irish-American Fiction
