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Today鈥檚 celebrity charity work has deep historical roots. In the 1880s and 1890s, the stars of fin-de-si猫cle London鈥檚 fashionable stage culture鈥攑articularly the women鈥攖ransformed theatre鈥檚 connection with fundraising. They refreshed, remolded, and reenergized celebrity charity work at a time when organized benevolence and women鈥檚 public roles were also being transformed. In the process, actresses established a model and set of practices that persist today among the stars of both London鈥檚 West End and Hollywood.
In the late nineteenth century, theatre鈥檚 fundraising for charitable causes shifted from male-dominated and private to female-directed and public. Although elite women had long been involved in such enterprises, they took on more authority in this period. At the same time, regular, high-profile public charity events became more important and much more visible than private philanthropy. Actresses became key figures in making the growing number of large and heavily publicized fundraisers successful. By 1920, the attitude was 鈥淕et an actress first. If you can鈥檛 get an actress, then get a duchess.鈥 Actresses鈥 star power, their ability to orchestrate large events quickly, and their skill at performing a kind of genteel extortion made them essential to this model of charity. Actresses also benefited from this new role. Taking a prominent, public, offstage position was crucial in making them, individually and collectively, respectable professionals.
Author Catherine Hindson reveals this history by examining the major types of charity events at the turn of the twentieth century, including fundraising matinees, charity bazaars and costume parties, theatrical tea and garden parties, and benefit performances. Her study concludes with a look at the involvement of actresses in raising funds for British soldiers serving in the Anglo-Boer War and the First World War.
